变荷载下双层地基一维非线性固结近似解析解     

江留慧  李传勋  杨怡青  张锐 《岩土力学》2020,41(5):1583-1590

目前考虑土体非线性压缩及渗透特性的双层地基非线性固结解均假定土体固结系数保持不变，能反映固结系数变化的双层地基非线性固结解还很鲜见。引入经典的e- 和e- 非线性关系描述土体的非线性压缩、渗透特性，在假定双层地基上、下土层压缩指数与渗透指数比值 相等且不等于1的基础上，得到变荷载下考虑土体固结系数变化的双层地基一维非线性固结近似解。该解答在 1条件下可退化为已有的 1时双层地基一维非线性固结解。基于此解探讨了双层地基上、下土层参数的相对比值对非线性固结性状的影响。结果表明：单面排水条件下 越小，下层土与上层土的相对压缩性越低、相对渗透性越高，则双层地基非线性固结速率越快；减小 值，增加双层地基中压缩性小、渗透性高的土层的厚度，会加快地基的固结速率。  相似文献   

SMAP卫星海表盐度产品的检验与校正     

秦思思  王辉  朱江  万莉颖  张宇  王昊运 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(3):148-158

In this study, sea surface salinity(SSS) Level 3(L3) daily product derived from soil moisture active passive(SMAP)during the year 2016, was validated and compared with SSS daily products derived from soil Moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS) and in-situ measurements. Generally, the root mean square error(RMSE) of the daily SSS products is larger along the coastal areas and at high latitudes and is smaller in the tropical regions and open oceans. Comparisons between the two types of daily satellite SSS product revealed that the RMSE was higher in the daily SMOS product than in the SMAP, whereas the bias of the daily SMOS was observed to be less than that of the SMAP when compared with Argo floats data. In addition, the latitude-dependent bias and RMSE of the SMAP SSS were found to be primarily influenced by the precipitation and the sea surface temperature(SST). Then, a regression analysis method which has adopted the precipitation and SST data was used to correct the larger bias of the daily SMAP product. It was confirmed that the corrected daily SMAP product could be used for assimilation in high-resolution forecast models, due to the fact that it was demonstrated to be unbiased and much closer to the in-situ measurements than the original uncorrected SMAP product.  相似文献   

海底表层土导热系数变化规律的试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

何旭涛  林晓波  徐建良  李世强  杨婧荷  徐海宁 《海洋学研究》2020,38(1):20-26

基于热探针法原理,测试了在杭州湾以东陆架区取得的28个海底表层柱状样0.2、1.0和1.8 m处的导热系数,结合激光粒度分析结果,比较了研究区6种土导热系数的大小,发现含砂量大于10%的粗粒土拥有较大的导热系数。土质类型相同时,含水量和干密度对其导热系数影响显著。杭州湾沉积区、混合沉积区,陆架砂质沉积区表层土导热系数的平均值分别是:1.25、1.45 和1.46 W·m^-1·K^-1,呈现出由近岸向外海增大的趋势。而土样导热系数在垂向的变化表明:水深、埋深等空间分布因素对海洋土的热物性没有直接影响。  相似文献   

江苏海域动态监管业务运行现状及分析          下载免费PDF全文

崔丹丹  吕林  陈艳艳  王厚军 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(11):9-12

海域动态监管业务是实施海域管理精细化、科学化的重要手段。文章从海域监管工作模式、海域使用动态监测、海域资源调查、分析评价与决策支持成果等方面对江苏海域动态监视监测业务进行梳理，以期为全国海域动态监管业务化拓展提供参考。  相似文献   

Unified numerical study of shallow foundation on structured soft clay under unconsolidated and consolidated-undrained loadings     

Santosh Kumar Yadav  Guan-lin Ye  Usama Khalid 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(4):400-416

Abstract

Based on a new elasto-plastic constitutive model, this paper presents a soil–water coupled numerical prediction of the bearing capacity for shallow foundation constructed on Ballina soft clay for unconsolidated undrained (UU) and consolidated undrained (CU) conditions. This elasto-plastic constitutive Shanghai model has an advantage of describing the mechanical behaviour of over-consolidated and structured soil under different loading and drainage conditions, by using one set of material parameter. In this paper, the Shanghai model used for both UU and CU conditions has the same initial parameters obtained from laboratory test results. The loading conditions and consolidation stages vary based on construction details. The predicted bearing pressure-settlement responses for UU and CU, approves the field observation. The phenomenon of gaining the bearing capacity due to consolidation is captured and explained by the use of soil–water coupled numerical analysis with a new elasto-plastic model. The stress strain behaviour, stress paths and the decay of the structure of elements at different depths presented in this study, reveal the mechanism for the difference between UU and CU conditions to understand the foundation behaviour. Effect of the initial degree of soil structure on the bearing capacity is also addressed. Overall, this approach provides the integrated solution for the shallow foundation design problems under short and long-term loadings.  相似文献   

多层砂土地基扩底桩单桩抗压模型试验及颗粒流模拟研究     

李飞  杨俊杰  宋琦  孙涛 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(2):116-125

利用室内半模试验和颗粒流数值模拟,揭示多层砂土地基扩底桩单桩抗压承载特性及变形特征。结果表明,通过对比分析极限承载力与H_h/D(持力层厚度与扩大头直径之比)的关系可以看出,单桩的抗压极限承载力随H_h/D逐渐增加,当H_h/D超过2.0时,极限承载力基本不再增加,此时的单桩抗压极限承载力稳定在300.01~303.25 N,是H_h/D=0.5时极限承载力(183.83 N)的1.65倍。扩大头下部土体发生局部压缩-剪切破坏,破坏面从扩大头底面边缘向斜下方扩展,在水平方向影响范围达到最大后逐渐向桩内侧收缩;荷载作用越大,地基破坏区域越大,相应的极限抗压承载力也越大;持力层厚度增加,扩大头分担的荷载比例增大,分担的荷载达到稳定需要的桩顶位移也越大,H_h=0.5 D试验扩大头分担的荷载比例稳定时为60%,对应的桩顶位移约为29 mm;桩顶位移达到33 mm后,H_h=1.0~3.0 D试验稳定在63%~65%之间;通过细观颗粒流理论对砂土移动特性的研究发现,持力层厚度从0.5 D增大至2.0 D,破坏面的起始扩展角度从31°增大至42°。数值模拟研究结果与模型试验数据吻合效果良好,证明该方法分析多层砂土地基扩底桩单桩抗压荷载传递机理是可行的。  相似文献   

亚热带地区发育于不同母岩风化壳上的红壤磁学特征对比及其环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郑兴芬  吕镔  陈梓炫  马兴悦  赵国永 《地球物理学报》2019,62(9):3509-3523

本研究对发育于亚热带地区花岗岩和变质岩风化壳之上的两个红壤剖面进行了系统的环境磁学测量及色度分析，探讨在同一地区不同母质上发育的红壤磁性差异的原因及其环境意义.研究区的两个剖面分别位于福建省南平市高铁北站和纺织厂附近，相距约15 km，气候条件基本相同.研究结果表明：（1）较强磁性的花岗岩母质层上发育的南平北站红壤（NPN），在发育过程因母质层中多畴（MD）颗粒磁赤铁矿化的磁铁矿溶解，剖面上部的淋溶层和淀积层虽以较细的稳定单畴（SSD）颗粒和少量的假单畴（PSD）颗粒磁铁矿为主，但剖面磁性自下而上减弱.相较而言，南纺红壤（NF）剖面发育在磁性较弱的变质砂岩上，其过渡层和母质层以赤铁矿为主，因成壤过程中生成较细的超顺磁（SP）磁铁矿使得土壤淋溶层和淀积层磁性增强；说明母质不同是亚热带地区红壤磁性差异的主要原因.（2） NPN和NF两个剖面的气候条件基本相同，磁性差异比色度指标差异更为显著.亚热带地区因剖面受母质影响显著，整体磁性特征不能反映气候；黄度和红度的比值（b^*/a^*）远小于磁性的差异，说明针铁矿和赤铁矿的比值更能反映研究区的平均气候状况，即反映次生磁性矿物含量的参数为更适合的气候指标.  相似文献   

Water mining from the deep critical zone by apple trees growing on loess     

Huijie Li  Bingcheng Si  Pute Wu  Jeffrey J. McDonnell 《水文研究》2019,33(2):320-327

There have been significant recent advances in understanding the ecohydrology of deep soil. However, the links between root development and water usage in the deep critical zone remains poorly understood. To clarify the interaction between water use and root development in deep soil, we investigated soil water and root profiles beyond maximum rooting depth in five apple orchards planted on farmland with stand ages of 8, 11, 15, 18, and 22 years in a subhumid region on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Apple trees rooted progressively deeper for water with increasing stand age and reached 23.2 ± 0.8 m for the 22‐year‐old trees. Soil water deficit in deep soil increased with tree age and was 1,530 ± 43 mm for a stand age of 22 years. Measured root deepening rate was far great than the reported pore water velocity, which demonstrated that trees are mining resident old water. The deficits are not replenished during the life‐span of the orchard, showing a one‐way mining of the critical zone water. The one‐way root water mining may have changed the fine root profile from an exponential pattern in the 8‐year‐old orchard to a relative uniform distribution in older orchards. Our findings enhance our understanding of water‐root interaction in deep soil and reveal the unintended consequences of critical zone dewatering during the lifespan of apple trees.  相似文献   

Hydraulics of overland flow influenced by litter incorporation under extreme rainfall     

Lunjiang Wang  Guanghui Zhang  Xue Wang  Xiaoyan Li 《水文研究》2019,33(5):737-747

Water erosion on hillslopes is a worldwide environmental problem, which is a rainfall‐induced process, especially extreme rainfall. The great intensity of extreme rainfall strongly enhances the power of overland flow to detach soil and transport sediment. Plant litter is one of the most important constituents of ecosystems that often covers the soil surface and can be incorporated into topsoil. However, little attention has been paid to its effect on flow hydraulics owing to the veiled nature. This study aimed to examine the effects of incorporated litter on the hydraulic properties under extreme rainfall condition. To reach this goal, six litter rates of 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.35, and 0.50 kg m^?2 and four litter types collected from deciduous trees, coniferous trees, shrubs, and herbs were incorporated into topsoil. Then, simulated rainfall experiments were performed on five slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°) with an extreme rainfall intensity of 80 mm h^?1. The results showed that Froude number and flow velocity of the overland flow decreased, whereas flow resistance increased exponentially with litter incorporation rate. Litter type had an influence on flow hydraulics, which can mainly be attributed to the variations in surface coverage of the exposed litter and the litter morphology. Flow velocity and Darcy–Weisbach coefficient increased markedly with slope gradient. However, the variation of slope gradient did not modify the relationships between flow hydraulics and incorporated litter rate. The random roughness, resulting from heterogeneous erosion due to the uneven protection of surface exposed litter, increased linearly with litter incorporated rate. As rainfall proceeded, flow hydraulics varied with incorporated litter rate and slope gradient complicatedly due to the increases in flow rate and coverage of the exposed litter and the modification of soil surface roughness.  相似文献   

Root‐zone moisture replenishment in a native vegetated catchment under Mediterranean climate     

Xiang Xu  Huade Guan  Grzegorz Skrzypek  Craig T. Simmons 《水文研究》2019,33(18):2394-2407

The root‐zone moisture replenishment mechanisms are key unknowns required to understand soil hydrological processes and water sources used by plants. Temporal patterns of root‐zone moisture replenishment reflect wetting events that contribute to plant growth and survival and to catchment water yield. In this study, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of twigs and throughfall were continuously monitored to characterize the seasonal variations of the root‐zone moisture replenishment in a native vegetated catchment under Mediterranean climate in South Australia. The two studied hillslopes (the north‐facing slope [NFS] and the south‐facing slope [SFS]) had different environmental conditions with opposite aspects. The twig and throughfall samples were collected every ~20 days over 1 year on both hillslopes. The root‐zone moisture replenishment, defined as percentage of newly replenished root‐zone moisture as a complement to antecedent moisture for plant use, calculated by an isotope balance model, was about zero (±25% for the NFS and ± 15% for the SFS) at the end of the wet season (October), increased to almost 100% (±26% for the NFS and ± 29% for the SFS) after the dry season (April and May), then decreased close to zero (±24% for the NFS and ± 28% for the SFS) in the middle of the following wet season (August). This seasonal pattern of root‐zone moisture replenishment suggests that the very first rainfall events of the wet season were significant for soil moisture replenishment and supported the plants over wet and subsequent dry seasons, and that NFS completed replenishment over a longer time than SFS in the wet season and depleted the root zone moisture quicker in the dry season. The stable oxygen isotope composition of the intraevent samples and twigs further confirms that rain water in the late wet season contributed little to root‐zone moisture. This study highlights the significant role of the very first rain events in the early wet season for ecosystem and provides insights to understanding ecohydrological separation, catchment water yield, and vegetation response to climate changes.  相似文献